What are iPSC derived cells?
iPSC are derived from skin or blood cells that have been reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state that enables the development of an unlimited source of any type of human cell needed for therapeutic purposes.
How do you differentiate microglia?
Microglial differentiation in vitro can be achieved by recapitulating the steps of yolk sac hematopoiesis. Hemangioblast cells arise in the posterior primitive streak and migrate into the yolk sac, giving rise to the blood islands. Primitive erythroblasts are observed from E7.
What are iPSC neurons?
iPSCs are adult pluripotent stem cells generated from somatic cells by the introduction of reprogramming factors. Human iPSCs (hiPSCs) thus make it possible to study human neurons, a previously inaccessible cell type, carrying the genetic information from patients with a specific mutation or a neuropsychiatric disease.
What is iPSC technology?
Induced pluripotent stem technology (iPSC): The ability to re-program cells back to a pluripotent state has altered biology and medicine in profound ways. These cells can be converted into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can then be studied directly or differentiated into a variety of cell types.
What is microglia and what is their origin and function?
The glial cells are migratory cells in the nervous system, acting as the first line of immune defence in the central nervous system. The microglia are like macrophages engulfing foreign materials. Through the process of phagocytosis, the microglia clear dead neurons and cellular debris.
What do activated microglia do?
The inflammatory response is mediated by the activated microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, which normally respond to neuronal damage and remove the damaged cells by phagocytosis. Activation of microglia is a hallmark of brain pathology.
What is microglial activation?
Microglia become activated following exposure to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and/or endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and removal of the immune-suppressive signals. Activated microglia can acquire different phenotypes depending on cues in its surrounding environment.
What type of cell is microglia?
Microglial cells are a specialised population of macrophages that are found in the central nervous system (CNS). They remove damaged neurons and infections and are important for maintaining the health of the CNS.
What is a microglia?
Microglia represent a specialized population of macrophages-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) considered immune sentinels that are capable of orchestrating a potent inflammatory response.
Who discovered iPSC?
Shinya Yamanaka
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 was heralded as a major breakthrough of the decade in stem cell research.