What is survivin gene?
Survivin, also called baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or BIRC5, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BIRC5 gene. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family.
What is survivin in cancer?
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family that inhibits caspases and blocks cell death, is highly expressed in most cancers and is associated with a poor clinical outcome.
What does BIRC5 do?
BIRC5 is an immune-related gene that inhibits apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation. It is highly expressed in most tumors and leads to poor prognosis in cancer patients.
What is the survivin promoter?
The survivin promoter also induced transgene expression of a mutant Bik in cancer cells, which suppressed the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that the survivin promoter is a cancer-specific promoter for various cancers and that it may be useful in cancer gene therapy.
What is survivin protein?
Survivin is the smallest member of the Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, involved in inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle. These functional attributes make Survivin a unique protein exhibiting divergent functions i.e. regulating cell proliferation and cell death.
What is the full form of caspase?
Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases, cysteine aspartases or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases) are a family of protease enzymes playing essential roles in programmed cell death. These forms of cell death are important for protecting an organism from stress signals and pathogenic attack.
What happens when caspase is cleaved?
Cleavage. Once appropriately dimerised, the Caspases cleave at inter domain linker regions, forming a large and small subunit. This cleavage allows the active-site loops to take up a conformation favourable for enzymatic activity.
How many caspases are there?
12
Human caspases are a family of 12 fate-determining cysteine proteases that are best known for driving cell death, either apoptosis or pyroptosis.
What is executioner caspases?
The executioner caspases are zymogens that are activated by upstream initiator caspases such as caspase-8 and caspase-9. After proteolytic cleavage, the large (α) and small (β) subunits assemble into catalytically active oligomers, with αββ′α′ symmetry, that have two active sites per complex.
How many caspases does a human have?
12 caspases
There are 12 caspases in humans alone, which have been classically grouped on the basis of sequence homology, domain architecture, and cell biology as inflammatory (caspase-1, caspase-4, caspase-5, and caspase-11), apoptotic initiators (caspase-2, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-10), or executioners (caspase-3.
What kind of protein is the survivin protein?
Survivin, also called baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or BIRC5, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BIRC5 gene.
How is the survivin gene used in cancer research?
Polymorphisms in the survivin gene are emerging as powerful tools to study the biology of the disease and have the potential to be used in disease prognosis and diagnosis. The survivin gene polymorphisms have also been reported to influence tumour aggressiveness as well as survival of cancer patients.
How does survivin inhibit Bax and Fas protein?
Immunoblots were performed and confirmed that survivin does not inhibit by mechanism of preventing Bax or Fas protein from being made into fully functional proteins. Therefore, survivin should be acting somewhere downstream of the Bax or Fas signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis through these pathways.
How is the human survivin similar to a mouse BIR domain?
The mice and human BIR domain of survivin are very similar structurally except for two differences that may affect function variability. The human survivin also contains an elongated C-terminal helix comprising 42 amino acids. Survivin is 16.5 kDa large and is the smallest member of the IAP family.
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