At what angle of knee flexion should the graft be tensioned at during posterior cruciate ligament PCL reconstruction with a single bundle graft?
Graft Tensioning Traditionally, single-bundle techniques have favored replacing the larger ALB, commonly tensioned between 70° and 90° of knee flexion.
Is PCL tight in flexion or extension?
During knee joint movement, the PCL rotates such that the anterolateral section stretches in knee flexion but not in knee extension and the posteromedial bundle stretches in extension rather than flexion.
What is a PCL avulsion fracture?
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. This typically involves the separation of the posterior tibial insertion of the PCL to variable degrees.
When is PCL most taut?
The bulk of the fibers of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is taut in maximal extension, while that of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is taut in the intermediate positions and in maximal flexion.
What is a PCL brace?
The Rebound PCL brace is designed to apply a physiologically correct, dynamic force, providing a more optimal joint environment for rehabilitation of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ruptures, whether during functional (non-surgical) treatment or post-surgical reconstruction.
What is a posterior sag test?
Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test) Tests for rotary instability posteriorly and/or torn PCL. In supine subjects hip and knee are flexed to 90°while the examiner supports the leg under the lower calf or heel in the air. A positive sign is a posterior sag of the tibia caused by gravitational pull.
What movement does the PCL restrict?
The PCL is one of the two cruciate ligaments of the knee. It acts as the major stabilising ligament of the knee. and prevents the tibia from excessive posterior displacement in relation to the femur. It also functions to prevent hyper-extension and limits internal rotation, adduction and abduction at the knee joint.
Where does PCL attach to?
The PCL originates from the anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle within the notch and inserts along the posterior aspect of the tibial plateau, approximately 1 cm distal to the joint line.
What kind of avulsion fracture is posterior cruciate ligament?
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. This typically involves separation of the posterior tibial insertion of the PCL to variable degrees. Article:
Which is the correct way to fix PCL avulsion?
In our experience, a similar fixation can be achieved by open exposure through the postero-medial approach. A posterior approach to the knee is required for fixation of PCL avulsion or reconstruction using a tibial inlay technique.
Can a popliteal haematoma be a PCL avulsion injury?
A popliteal haematoma can be indicative of a PCL avulsion injury as opposed to a more contained intrasubstance tear. Signs of associated injuries need to be identified, therefore a clear documentation of initial and current symptoms is important.
What are the different types of PCL fractures?
Bone fragment fracture with the attachment of the PCL can be divided into three types: PCL rupture with involvement of an osteochondral sleeve; true PCL avulsion resulting from a posterior dislocation or subluxation of the knee; and shear fracture of the posterior tibial plateau involving PCL attachment [11,16].