What are the base pairs for RNA?
RNA consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. Uracil is a pyrimidine that is structurally similar to the thymine, another pyrimidine that is found in DNA. Like thymine, uracil can base-pair with adenine (Figure 2).
What are the 4 bases in RNA which pairs with which?
The rules of base pairing (or nucleotide pairing) are:
- A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)
- C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
What is the base pair rule for mRNA?
mRNA → DNA For converting a sequence from mRNA to the original DNA code, apply the rules of complementary base pairing: Cytosine (C) is replaced with Guanine (G) – and vice versa. Uracil (U) is replaced by Adenine (A) Adenine (A) is replaced by Thymine (T)
What does hypoxanthine pair with?
Non-natural bases capable of hybridizing with more than one base would accomplish this goal (15). Hypoxanthine, a naturally occurring purine derivative, has been shown to form Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds with adenosine, cytosine, thymine and uracil, but only Hoogsteen base pairing with guanine (16, 17).
Why do guanine and cytosine bond together?
Guanine and cytosine make up a nitrogenous base pair because their available hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors pair with each other in space. Guanine and cytosine are said to be complementary to each other.
Why are G · you wobble pairs important to RNA?
G·U wobble pairs embedded within A-form RNA helices have a distinctive structure that results from the displacement of the bases of the G·U pair relative to the bases of Watson–Crick pairs.
What makes the G · you wobble base pair unique?
The G·U wobble base pair also has unique chemical, structural, dynamic and ligand-binding properties, which can only be partially mimicked by Watson–Crick base pairs or other mispairs.
Which is a fundamental building block of RNA structure?
The G·U wobble base pair is a fundamental unit of RNA secondary structure that is present in nearly every class of RNA from organisms of all three phylogenetic domains. It has comparable thermodynamic stability to Watson–Crick base pairs and is nearly isomorphic to them.
Where does the wobble base pair occur in mRNA?
It is, therefore, possible for non-Watson–Crick base pairing to occur at the third codon position, i.e., the 3′ nucleotide of the mRNA codon and the 5′ nucleotide of the tRNA anticodon. These notions led Francis Crick to the creation of the wobble hypothesis, a set of four relationships explaining these naturally occurring attributes.