What is surfactant classify it with HLB system?
Classification of surfactants. 2. Particles as foam and emulsion stabilizers. 3. Role of surfactants for various foam and.
How are surfactants classified?
Surfactants are typically classified based on their polar head as the hydrophobic tails are often similar. If the head group has no charge, the surfactant is called non-ionic. If the head group has negative or positive charge, it is called anionic or cationic, respectively.
What is HLB classification?
Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) is the balance of the size and strength of the hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties of a surfactant molecule. The HLB scale ranges from 0 to 20. In the range of 3.5 to 6.0, surfactants are more suitable for use in W/O emulsions.
What are surfactants and classify with examples?
There are 4 types of surfactants with a brief review of each as follows. These classifications are based upon the composition of the polarity of the head group: nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric. A non-ionic surfactant has no charge groups in its head. The head of an ionic surfactant carries a net charge.
What is the difference between anionic and nonionic surfactants?
The key difference between anionic cationic and nonionic surfactants is that anionic surfactants contain negatively charged functional groups, and cationic surfactants contain positively charged functional groups, whereas nonionic surfactants have no net electrical charge.
How is HLB value calculated?
Using the following equation: HLB desired = ( % surfactant A ) × ( HLB Surfactant A ) + ( % surfactant B ) × ( HLB Surfactant B . ) A blend of surfactant A, HLB = 7.8, and surfactant B, HLB = 13.4 produces a combination that is water soluble and contributes other desired properties.
How is HLB of surfactant measured?
Take, for example, a surfactant with an HLB value of 9.8 which is not soluble in water. The solution is to blend two surfactants of known HLB, one high and one low. Using the following equation: HLB desired = ( % surfactant A ) × ( HLB Surfactant A ) + ( % surfactant B ) × ( HLB Surfactant B . )
Is zwitterionic a surfactant?
Zwitterionic surfactants are surfactants that can carry a zero net charge so that surfactant molecule is essentially neutral.
What is an anionic surfactant?
Anionic surfactants are organic substances. When these surfactants are dissolved in water, negatively charged particles, i.e. anions, are created. Their solubility in water is based on the binding of the hydrophilic parts to the water molecules. ‘Surfactants’ is the official name for surface-active compounds.
How is the HLB of a surfactant calculated?
HLB is Calculated – HLB = weight % of water-loving molecule (Hydrophilic)/5. Let us say Z is a surfactant made of X and Y where. X is water is Hydrophilic. Y is Lipophilic. Calculate the weight % of Hydrophilic. x% = x/(x+y)*100 . HLB = x%/100 Even though HLB helps in choosing the right surfactant or an emulsifier, it is not accurate.
How is the hydrophilic balance of a surfactant determined?
The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. Griffin’s method. Griffin’s method for non-ionic surfactants as described in 1954 works as follows: HLB = 20.
What are the chemical classification methods of surfactants?
According to their ionic properties, surfactants can be classified into anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic types.
Which is more lipophilic, sodium lauryl sulphate or hydrophilic?
The higher the HLB number, the more hydrophilic is the surfactant. The lower the HLB number, the more lipophilic is the surfactant. Exceptions to HLB scale exist such as sodium lauryl sulphate with an HLB value of 40.