What is the function of myogenic regulatory factors?
The Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs) Myf5, MyoD, myogenin and MRF4 are members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors that control the determination and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells during embryogenesis and postnatal myogenesis.
What is the role of Myogenin in Myogenesis?
Myogenin (also known as Myf4) is required for the fusion of myogenic precursor cells to either new or previously existing fibers. In general, myogenin is associated with amplifying expression of genes that are already being expressed in the organism.
What is the mechanism of action of MRFs?
MRFs mechanism of action The MRFs, via their bHLH domains, can bind specific sequence in DNA called E-box (CANNTG) that is ubiquitously found in promoter and enhancer regions of different downstream muscle and non-muscle specific genes.
What do myoblasts do?
A myoblast is a type of embryonic progenitor cell that differentiates to form muscle cells. Skeletal muscle fibers are made when myoblasts fuse together, so muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
What is embryonic Myogenesis?
Embryonic myogenesis involves the staged induction of myogenic regulatory factors and positional cues that dictate cell determination, proliferation, and differentiation into adult muscle. We also confirmed activation of Notch1 in the regenerating muscle.
What are myogenic pathways?
Description. Myogenesis, the formation of muscle tissue, is a complex process involving steps of cell proliferation mediated by growth factor signaling, cell differentiation, reorganization of cells to form myotubes, and cell fusion.
How is the expression of myogenin blocked in cultured myoblasts?
In cultured myoblasts, IGF-1 induces the expression of myogenin, a specific myoblast differentiation factor, and myogenin induction can be blocked with antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit the synthesis of autocrine-stimulated IGF-1.67 The programmed events that occur during differentiation in response to IGF-1 are time-specific.
How are MyoD and myogenin used as diagnostic markers?
MyoD and Myogenin are expressed in RMS and thus have been used as diagnostic markers to identify the disease (Kumar, Perlman, Harris, Raffeld, & Tsokos, 2000 ).
Why are MyoD and myogenin important to tumor cells?
However, because tumor cells are impaired in differentiation and MyoD and Myogenin function as differentiation transcription factors, there has been significant interest in investigating how the function of these factors are perturbed during the development of RMS.
Which is the most sensitive immunomarker for myogenin?
Although a variety of immunomarkers to identify RMS exist, desmin and myogenin remain the most sensitive and specific. Cytoplasmic desmin intermediate filaments will be present in almost 80% of all RMSs.