What is MJO forecast?
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the major fluctuation in tropical weather on weekly to monthly timescales. The MJO can be characterised as an eastward moving ‘pulse’ of cloud and rainfall near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days.
How does the MJO work?
The MJO consists of two parts, or phases: one is the enhanced rainfall (or convective) phase and the other is the suppressed rainfall phase. These two phases produce opposite changes in clouds and rainfall and this entire dipole (i.e., having two main opposing centers of action) propagates eastward.
How does the MJO convective phase influence atmospheric rivers?
Results indicate that the MJO can affect the whole lifecycle of atmospheric rivers including the origin, propagation, lifetime, and termination. Atmospheric rivers are more active during certain MJO phases, which can be explained by the changes in wind and geopotential height that respond to the MJO.
What is ENSO phenomenon?
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
How long does the MJO last?
30–60 day
While the total lifespan of MJO remains in the 30–60 day timescale, its residence time has shortened over the Indian Ocean by 3–4 days (from an average of 19 days to 15 days) and increased by 5–6 days over the West Pacific (from an average of 18 days to 23 days).
What is the MJO wave?
The MJO is a system of very tall or deep convective clouds (storminess) that travels eastward along the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans approximately every 30-60 days. The convective region of the MJO has enhanced storms and rainfall, and it is usually sandwiched to the east and west by dry, sunny areas.
Is MJO a wave?
Particularly important to U.S. weather and climate are atmospheric waves that start in the tropics and travel to the midlatitudes. The MJO is a system of very tall or deep convective clouds (storminess) that travels eastward along the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans approximately every 30-60 days.
What is MJO effect?
The MJO, a critically important climate phenomenon discovered in 1971, is an eastward moving pulse of clouds, precipitation, wind, and pressure in the tropics that affects weather phenomena such as hurricanes, monsoons, atmospheric rivers, flooding events, droughts, and heat waves.
How is MJO measured?
The Madden–Julian oscillation moves eastward at between 4 m/s (14 km/h, 9 mph) and 8 m/s (29 km/h, 18 mph) across the tropics, crossing the Earth’s tropics in 30 to 60 days—with the active phase of the MJO tracked by the degree of outgoing long wave radiation, which is measured by infrared-sensing geostationary weather …
What are the two phases of the MJO?
The MJO consists of two parts, or phases: one is the enhanced rainfall (or convective) phase and the other is the suppressed rainfall phase. Strong MJO activity often dissects the planet into halves: one half within the enhanced convective phase and the other half in the suppressed convective phase.
Where is the mjo located in the atmosphere?
The surface and upper-atmosphere structure of the MJO for a period when the enhanced convective phase (thunderstorm cloud) is centered across the Indian Ocean and the suppressed convective phase is centered over the west-central Pacific Ocean.
When does the MJO appear in the sky?
The MJO becomes organized during late March through May as the green shading covers one half of the planet, and brown shades the other half all along as these areas move west to east with time. Notice how the shading returns to the same location on the order of about 45 days.
Is the MJO related to extreme west coast precipitation?
However, it is important to note that the overall link between the MJO and extreme west coast precipitation events weakens as the region of interest shifts southward along the west coast of the United States. There is case-to-case variability in the amplitude and longitudinal extent of the MJO-related precipitation]