How do you control nagana?
If detected early, Trypanosomosis can be treated with trypanocidal drugs for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Therapeutic drugs for cattle include diminazene aceturate, homidium chloride and homidium bromide. Prophylactic drugs for cattle include homidium chloride, homidium bromide and isometamidium.
Who Cured African sleeping sickness?
Jacobs (1883–1967) and the American immunologist Michael Heidelberger (1888–1991) discovered the organo-arsenical tryparsamide. This was the first drug to treat late-stage sleeping sickness alone, or in combination with suramin, and was also employed in the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis [26].
What causes human trypanosomiasis?
African Trypanosomiasis, also known as “sleeping sickness”, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa.
How do you get rid of trypanosomiasis?
There is no vaccine or drug for prophylaxis against African trypanosomiasis. Preventive measures are aimed at minimizing contact with tsetse flies. Local residents in endemic countries are usually aware of the areas that are heavily infested and may be able to provide advice about places to avoid.
How can trypanosomiasis be controlled?
Is there a cure for Trypanosomiasis?
There is no test of cure for African trypanosomiasis. After treatment, patients should be closely followed for 24 months and monitored for relapse. Recurrence of symptoms will require examination of body fluids, including CSF, to detect the presence of trypanosomes.
Which drugs used treatment of trypanosomiasis?
Only four drugs are available for the chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness; Suramin, pentamidine, melarsoprol and eflornithine.
What are the stages mostly seen in human body in Trypanosoma infection?
Infection occurs in two stages, an initial haemolymphatic stage followed by a meningoencephalitic stage after the trypanosomes invade the central nervous system (CNS). However, many of the signs and symptoms are common to both stages, making it difficult to distinguish between the two stages by clinical features alone.
How is trypanosomiasis diagnosis?
Trypanosome Detection. Parasitological diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of lymph node aspirate, blood, or CSF. It provides direct evidence for trypanosome infection and thus allows a definite diagnosis.
What is the life cycle of African sleeping sickness?
African sleeping sickness has two life cycles: a stage in humans and a stage in tsetse flies. A human becomes infected when a tsetse fly takes a blood meal and injects metacyclic trypomastigotes (the parasites) into the skin, where they then go into the lymphatic system and finally pass into the blood stream.
How do you cure African sleeping sickness?
African sleeping sickness can be cured with anti-trypanosomal therapy. When the infected fly bites the person, the trypanosomes begin to rapidly multiply in the lymph, blood, and subcutaneous tissues. Over a period of time, the parasites infect the central nervous system.
What are the common diseases in Africa?
The most common diseases are bilharziasis, leprosy, malaria, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis and yaws. The Central African Republic is a yellow fever endemic zone country.
What is the treatment for African sleeping sickness?
Suramin is a drug commonly used in the treatment of African sleeping sickness and onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. It is an odorless, tasteless, white powder which is dissolved in saline and administered intravenously.