What intermolecular forces affect solubility?
Main Idea: “Like dissolves like.” The stronger the intermolecular forces between solute molecule and solvent molecule, the greater the solubility of the solute in the solvent. Between two polar molecules, the molecule with the smaller hydrocarbon portion (or the larger polar portion) is more soluble in water.
What intermolecular forces hold liquids together?
The strengths of these attractive forces vary widely, though usually the intermolecular forces between small molecules are weak compared to the intramolecular forces that bond atoms together within a molecule. All of the intermolecular forces that hold a liquid together are called cohesive forces.
How does intramolecular H bonding affect the solubility of solute?
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs within a molecule. Hydrogen bonds are polar. So as like dissolves like, if the solute having intramolecular H-bonding is placed in a polar solvent, its solubility will increase. If the solute is placed in non-polar solvent, it will not be very soluble.
What are the types of intermolecular attractive forces that hold liquid molecules together how do they affect the boiling point of a liquid?
Boiling points are a measure of intermolecular forces. The intermolecular forces increase with increasing polarization of bonds. Boiling point increases with molecular weight, and with surface area.
What keeps liquid molecules together?
Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions.
Are intermolecular forces stronger in liquids or gases?
In liquids, the intermolecular forces are strong enough to keep the particles tied upon to each other but not strong enough to keep them in fixed positions. In gases, the intermolecular forces are negligible (extremely weak), and the constituent particles are free to move.
How does H bonding affect solubility?
The presence of hydrogen bonding between molecules of a substance indicates that the molecules are polar. This means the molecules will be soluble in a polar solvent such as water. The polarity of these molecules indicates that they will dissolve in water.
What type of bond is most soluble in water?
Solubility and Electrical Conductivity Many ionic compounds are highly soluble in water. So, they dissolve easily in water. Water molecules attract each of the ions of an ionic compound and pull the ions away from one another.
How are intermolecular forces and solubility related quizlet?
How are intermolecular forces and solubility related? Solubility depends on the solvent’s ability to overcome the intermolecular forces in a solid. Red blood cells have a high concentration of dissolved ions. When placed into pure water they rupture.
Why do substances with high IMF have higher boiling points?
Substances with high IMF will have higher melting and boiling points. It will require more energy to break the IMF. Most IMF areweaker than chemical bonds. To break the O-H bond in H2O requires 935 kJ/mol.
What happens to the IMF when the temperature reaches 0oC?
When the temperature reaches 0oC, the melting point of ice, further addition of heat does not change the temperature. At this phase transition temperature, the added energy goes to changing the Potential Energy of the system. This is the energy associated with the IMF, which are holding the H2O molecules in the solid state.
What happens to the energy of the IMF during a phase transition?
At this phase transition temperature, the added energy goes to changing the Potential Energy of the system. This is the energy associated with the IMF, which are holding the H2O molecules in the solid state. It is coulombicin nature, arising from the attraction of charged