What are myoepithelial markers?
Other myoepithelial cell-specific proteins include CD10/CALLA, calponin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); however, the specificity and sensitivity of these markers vary widely. Of these, maspin and p63 are generally considered the most promising markers for myoepithelial cells.
What is stromal invasion in cancer?
Stromal invasion is invasive growth of tumor tissue into stroma (fibrous septa, portal tracts, and/or blood vessels).
Does DCIS have myoepithelial cells?
Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is contained by myoepithelial cells that are morphologically similar to normal breast tissue myoepithelial cells. However, phenotypic and functional characteristics of DCIS-associated myoepithelial cells are not known.
What is p63 positive in breast?
p63, a member of the p53 family, is a myoepithelial cell marker usually expressed in metaplastic breast carcinoma, and its expression suggests a myoepithelial phenotype.
What is a myoepithelial cell?
Myoepithelial cells are usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but normally beneath the luminal cells. They are present in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands and in salivary glands. Myoepithelial cells are stellate-shaped and also known as basket cells.
Why is the stroma important for cancer growth and invasion?
The basement membrane matrix also modifies cytokine interactions between cancer cells and fibroblasts. These cancer-induced alterations in the stroma will contribute to cancer invasion. Animal studies have shown that both wounding and activated stroma provides oncogenic signals to facilitate tumorigenesis.
What are stroma cells?
Stromal cells are connective tissue cells of any organ, and they support the function of the parenchymal cells of that particular organ. Stromal/stromal stem cells are fundamentally a heterogeneous population of cells with contradictory differentiation potential depending upon their environmental niche.
What is DCIS with Microinvasion?
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) is defined as the extension of cancer cells beyond the basement membrane into adjacent tissue with no focus larger than 1 mm or a maximum diameter of less than 1 mm for multiple invasive foci.
Does stress cause DCIS?
Elevated levels of anxiety may cause women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the most common form of non-invasive breast cancer, to overestimate their risk of recurrence or dying from breast cancer, suggests a study led by researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston.
Can a stromal myofibroblast misdiagnose in situ carcinoma?
The propensity of stromal myofibroblasts to react with the smooth muscle–based markers can lead to a misdiagnosis of in situ carcinoma when the carcinoma is actually invasive.
How are myoepithelial cells used as a cancer marker?
Background: Recent studies have reported CD10 expression in myoepithelial cells (MEC) of the breast, supporting its use as a marker to help distinguish invasive breast carcinoma (IC) from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Where are myoepithelial cells invested in the breast?
The glandular tree of the breast is invested by a peripheral layer of myoepithelial cells.
What causes false impression of myoepithelial cell markers?
Invasive tumor nests may have closely apposed myofibroblasts, and when the latter stain positively, they can give the false impression of a surrounding myoepithelial cell layer ( Figs. 3 and 4 ). This is the most common source of interpretive error in the evaluation of myoepithelial cell markers.